Olecranon bursitis is the inflammation of the small, fluid filled sac located at the tip of the elbow. This sac, called a bursa, normally acts as a lubricant to help the skin slide smoothly over the bone. When it becomes irritated or infected, it fills with extra fluid, causing a visible protrusion.
The most striking feature of bursitis is the appearance of a soft, rounded swelling at the point of the elbow.
Visible Lump: A swelling that often resembles a small ball or egg on the back of the joint.
Tenderness: Pain when leaning on the elbow or when the area is touched.
Limited Motion: Difficulty bending the elbow fully if the swelling becomes large enough to create tension.
Redness and Heat: If the bursa is infected (septic bursitis), the skin may become warm, red, and accompanied by a fever.
Gradual or Sudden Onset: Swelling can develop over time due to leaning on hard surfaces or appear suddenly after a direct blow.
A healthcare provider can usually identify bursitis through a physical exam, but further tests may be needed to rule out infection.
Aspiration: Using a needle to draw fluid from the bursa. This fluid is tested in a lab to check for bacteria or gout crystals.
X-rays: Performed to look for a bone spur or a fracture that might be irritating the bursa.
Blood Tests: Conducted if an infection is suspected to check for an elevated white blood cell count.
Management focuses on reducing inflammation and protecting the elbow from further pressure.
Non-Infected (Aseptic): Elbow pads, activity modification, icing, and anti-inflammatory medication. Most cases resolve by avoiding pressure on the elbow and using a compression sleeve. If the swelling is large and painful, the fluid can be drained.
Infected (Septic): Prescription antibiotics and potentially surgical drainage if the infection persists.
Chronic/Recurring: Surgical removal of the bursa (Bursectomy) if conservative measures fail.