Gout is a common and painful form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the accumulation of urate crystals in a joint. This occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood lead to crystals forming in the joint space, most frequently at the base of the big toe.
Gout symptoms usually occur suddenly and often at night.
Intense joint pain that is typically most severe within the first 4 to 12 hours.
Lingering discomfort that can last from a few days to several weeks.
Inflammation and redness characterized by a joint that is swollen, tender, and warm.
Limited range of motion as the condition progresses and joint flexibility decreases.
Shiny or peeling skin over the affected joint once the initial swelling subsides.
Aspiration: Using a needle to draw fluid from the affected joint to look for urate crystals under a microscope.
Blood test: Measuring the levels of uric acid and creatinine in the blood.
X-rays: Taken to rule out other causes of joint inflammation and to check for joint damage.
Ultrasound: Used to detect urate crystals in the joint or in nodules called tophi.
Treatment is divided into two categories: managing the acute attack and preventing future flares.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to manage acute pain and swelling.
Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory medication specifically effective for gout flares.
Oral steroids or corticosteroid injection to reduce intense inflammation.
Allopurinol or febuxostat to lower the production of uric acid in the body over time.
Dietary changes to limit purine-rich foods like red meat, organ meats, and seafood.
Reducing alcohol consumption, particularly beer, which is linked to increased gout risk.
Increasing water intake to help flush uric acid through the kidneys.