Hallux rigidus is a form of degenerative arthritis that affects the joint at the base of the big toe, known as the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. This condition causes the joint to become stiff and painful, making it difficult for the toe to bend upward during walking.
Pain and stiffness in the big toe joint during activity, especially when pushing off to walk.
Swelling and inflammation around the base of the big toe.
Development of a bony bump or callus on the top of the foot at the joint.
Pain that is aggravated by cold or damp weather.
Difficulty wearing certain shoes, such as high heels or narrow footwear, due to bone spurs.
A change in walking gait to avoid bending the painful toe.
Physical Examination
Weight-Bearing X-rays: Used to assess the amount of joint space left and the size of any bone spurs.
Treatment aims to reduce pain by limiting the motion of the stiff joint or removing mechanical obstructions.
Wearing shoes with a large, deep toe box to prevent pressure on the joint.
Using stiff-soled shoes or rocker-bottom soles to reduce the need for the toe to bend.
Shoe inserts such as a Morton extension, which is a rigid plate placed under the big toe.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and swelling in the joint.
Corticosteroid injections to manage acute inflammation and provide temporary relief.
Physical therapy to maintain the existing range of motion and strengthen the foot.
Cheilectomy surgery to shave down bone spurs and allow more room for the toe to move.
Joint fusion (arthrodesis) for advanced cases to permanently eliminate pain by joining the bones.