Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition where the bones of the hip joint are irregularly shaped. Because they do not fit together perfectly, the hip bones rub against each other during movement. Over time, this friction can damage the joint cartilage or tear the labrum, the protective ring of cartilage around the socket.
Symptoms of FAI often appear during activities that require deep hip flexion or rotation.
Groin Pain: Sharp or aching pain located in the groin, particularly after sitting for long periods or during exercise.
Side Hip Pain: Discomfort that can be felt on the outside of the hip, often described as a C-sign (holding the hand in a C-shape over the hip).
Clicking or Catching: A mechanical sensation or sound within the joint during movement.
Reduced Flexibility: Difficulty performing tasks like squatting, putting on socks, or getting in and out of a car.
Aching After Activity: A dull ache in the hip or pelvic region that persists after physical exertion.
Physical Examination
X-rays: Used to identify the specific shape of the impingement, such as a Cam lesion (bump on the femoral head) or a Pincer lesion (overhang of the socket).
MRI or MRA: These scans provide high-resolution images of the labrum and joint cartilage to check for tears or wear.
Diagnostic Injection: Injecting numbing medication into the joint to see if it provides temporary relief, confirming the pain is coming from inside the hip.
Activity Modification: Avoiding movements that cause pain, such as deep squats or long periods of sitting.
Physical Therapy: Strengthening the gluteal muscles and core to improve pelvic stability and reduce pressure on the joint.
Anti-inflammatory Medication: Using over-the-counter NSAIDs to manage swelling and pain.
Corticosteroid Injections: Reducing internal inflammation to facilitate better participation in physical therapy.
Arthroscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive procedure to shave down the excess bone and repair or trim a torn labrum.