A hamstring strain or tear involves an injury to one or more of the three muscles running along the back of the thigh: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. These muscles are essential for bending the knee and extending the hip. Hamstring injuries are incredibly common in sports involving sprinting, lunging, or sudden changes in direction.
Symptoms depend on whether the muscle was simply overstretched or completely torn.
Sudden Pulling Sensation: A sharp, stabbing pain in the back of the thigh, often occurring during a sprint or high kick.
Audible Pop: A popping or snapping sound at the moment of a severe injury.
Tenderness: Localized pain when sitting or when pressing on the back of the leg.
Bruising: Discoloration that may travel down the leg toward the knee over 24 to 48 hours.
Weakness: Difficulty lifting the heel toward the glutes or walking with a normal stride.
Physical Examination
X-rays: To evaluate for a fracture or soft tissue calcification
MRI: Often used for suspected Grade 3 tears to see if the tendon has pulled away from the sit-bone (ischial tuberosity).
Treatment is divided into phases to ensure the muscle heals with strong scar tissue rather than remaining prone to re-injury. The hallmark of hamstring rehab is eccentric training, where the muscle is strengthened while it is lengthening. This helps the new tissue withstand the high forces of sprinting. For the first few days, focus on the RICE method (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) to minimize swelling. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections may be used depending on your activity level and severity of injury.
Grade 1 (Mild): Rest, compression, and light stretching; recovery in 1 to 3 weeks.
Grade 2 (Moderate): Physical therapy focusing on eccentric strengthening; recovery in 4 to 8 weeks.
Grade 3 (Severe): Possible surgery if the tendon is detached, followed by 3 to 6 months of rehab.